The Effects Of Using Cartoon Videos

The Effects Of Using Cartoon Videos Utilizing sight and sound is increasingly more helpful in educating and it has been applied as showing materials for language educator. Varying media technique helps language students comprehend what they hear as well as improve their jargon, articulation. To empower the advancement understudies listening cognizance, varying media materials with captions were assumed a ground-breaking educational apparatus which can help improve the jargon learning of second-language students by Fazilatfar, Ghorbani L. Samavarchi (2011). The principle reason this paper researches showing technique for utilizing varying media material as animation recordings with captions and this paper is a review to get consequences of the impact of utilizing animation recordings with Vietnamese captions to create English listening expertise of first years understudies at Quang Trung specialized school in Vietnam, who are fifty understudies of low-level of English. Presentation Lately, the assortment of instructive innovation offers language instructors more open doors when they select materials as sight and sound or electronic to show understudies the objective language in the homeroom (Shiao-Ling Tsai, 2011). Animation recordings with captions are somewhat valuable and significant varying media materials in educating/learning the subsequent language. Additionally, kid's shows have assumed a conceivably significant commitment in instructing by Van Wyk (2011) and they have outwardly affected all understudies promptly without segregation old enough or foundation, can react here and there to the instructive point being made. In reality, Cartoon recordings with captions are somewhat valuable and significant varying media materials in instructing/learning the subsequent language. Utilizing instructive animation recordings with captions can draw in understudies consideration, so build up the understudies inspiration on listening expertise and impact of jargon obtaining on listening ability. The reason for listening cognizance, the understudy must comprehend what great listening appreciation involves and comprehend significance of the discourse, so jargon learning was regularly consider to be of vital significance (Taiwei Wu, 2008). To comprehend the significance of caption towards jargon securing and improve listening aptitude through watching animation recordings/varying media materials, numerous instructors help understudies how to get that. In an examination of a gathering of creators as Abdolmajid Hayati and Firooz Mohmedi (2011) communicated that securing of different kinds of language properties might be gained by viewing captioned TV programs, which may use to be improvement in the capacity to perceive separate words in the progression of communicated i n language, word elocution, and capability in building right sentences. Be that as it may, in the other line this gathering of looks into has likewise guessed increasingly more English an unknown dialect (EFL) educator have started to utilize motion pictures in their classes at various levels. Be that as it may, the educators of English Were now and again in a difficulty whether they should show a  ¬Ã¢ lm with or without captions and in what language and, most importantly, what direction will bene⠬⠁t their understudies most comparable to listening cognizance. This implies the jargon assumes job as language captions are significant being developed of listening expertise. Numerous specialists have ever completed on varying media materials/animation recordings with captions on listening understanding/listening aptitude of language students and numerous significant finding have made sense of. Nonetheless, with the most recent examines that can relate much with this examination paper, and they were discovered solid focuses to acquire and feeble focuses to read for the best information on this paper for settings of language understudies in Vietnam. Additionally, the analyst of this paper takes up the issues and leads concentrate so as to decide the job of Vietnamese captions in language learning and educating for low-level of first understudies at Quang Trung specialized school. At the end of the day, the point of study might want to discover what of technique is probably going to be increasingly compelling in creating English listening expertise for low-level understudies. With significant articles, which scientist of this paper discovered to answer the accompanying sub-look into questions? What are the impacts of animation recordings with Vietnamese captions on jargon securing? In what capacity can the language educators use animation recordings with captions viably in showing English listening perception? Writing REVIEW Numerous scientists have ever learned about numerous parts of varying media material on listening understanding/listening expertise. In any case, among these, the specialist of this paper discover a few examines that pertinent with the impact of captioning on jargon obtaining and the help of caption on listening aptitude through watching animation recordings. The captions impact on jargon obtaining. In the examination of Shiao-Ling Tsai (2011), He enlisted members as 65 offspring of Taiwanese fifth graders from 2 classes at primary school in Tai Chung. Every one of them have learned English for a long time at any rate and have been instructed by a similar English educator at school during research. The members were isolated into 2 gatherings with one English-caption viewing the English animation recordings with English caption and one non-caption viewing the English animation recordings without English captions for 20 minutes every exercise. Following three-month course wound up, the post-test was led to test the understudies English listening appreciation with following meeting results : While seeing the video, half of understudies of the English-caption gathering and 90% of the understudies of the non-caption bunch stressed that they may not comprehend what the characters said. 80% of the understudies of English-caption gathering and 90% the understudies of the non-caption bun ch said they focused when they saw the video. 70% of the understudies of the English-caption gathering and furthermore 70% of the understudies of the non-caption bunch imagined that they may not comprehend the substance of the video without Chinese caption. 70% of understudies of the English-caption gathering and 100% of the understudies of non-caption bunch reacted they speculated the implications when they didn't comprehend what the characters said. In addition, Shiao-Ling Tsai commented that the greater part of the English-caption bunch understudies were energized while they viewed the recordings and learning mentality appeared to be better than that of the non-caption gathering. In rundown, from the exploration of Shiao-Ling Tsai, there was the impact of jargon obtaining in watching animation recordings through utilizing captions or not captions. Understanding the substance of animation recordings or not which is reprimanded via animation recordings with captions. Those imply that jargon securing to be given through animation recordings. Moreover, one more proof which convinced that the captions affected on jargon procurement. In the examination of Fazilatfar, Ghorbani and Samivarchi (2010),The impact of standard and turned around captioning versus no captioning mode on L2 jargon learning, the scientists of this investigation composing had discovered jargon scores of members who viewed the film in captioning condition were higher than without captions. The scientists of this investigation did concentrating with 100 Iranian EFL students, who had considered English as a mandatory course during their middle school and secondary school. Additionally, they were enlisted at a private English community called Oxford organization by and by and furthermore had finish the Intro level of Interchange Third Edition arrangement and had begun the Interchange 1 level. At that point, the5-minute-long scene of an energized animation was chosen for the examination with following three gatherings: Group A (non-captioning) incorporated t hose members who viewed the film with unique sound track and without the captions, Group B (standard captioning) viewed the film in an unknown dialect (English) in sound track and local language (Persian) in captions, and Group C (turned around captioning) viewed the film with unknown dialect (English) in captions and local language (Persian) in sound track. In the wake of watching, the test aftereffects of the tests directed were broke down by three structure tests specifically 1.form acknowledgment, 2.meaning interpretation, and 3.multiple-decision. With the structure acknowledgment test, scores in the switched captioned (C) condition were higher than in the standard captioned condition (B), and scores those in the standard captioned condition (B) were moderately higher than in the non-captioned condition (A); with significance interpretation test, the outcomes were proposed that the members in the turned around captioned condition (C) outflanked those in the standard captioned co ndition (B), and the members in the standard captioned condition (B) beat those in the non-captioned condition (A). At last, with various decision test demonstrated that: lexical gains in the turned around captioned condition (C) were higher than those in the standard captioned condition (B), and lexical gains in the standard captioned condition (B) were higher than those in the non-captioned condition (A) One examination by Abdolmajid and Firooz (2011) concentrated on 90 understudies with the normal age 22, who were looked over a gathering of 200 youngsters and seniors studying Teaching English as a Foreign Language based on their scores on the English language pro⠬⠁ciency test at Islamic Azad University of Masjed Soleyman in south west of Iran. They were isolated into three gatherings haphazardly to watch film with English Subtitle Group (ESG), Persian Subtitle Group (PSG) and Without Subtitle Group (WSG). Following a month and a half scientists of this composing led test inquire about, results hade gathered from a different decision cognizance test in each area of day, which was controlled so as to assess their listening understanding and give grounds to examination. Moreover, results had been likewise gathered by the last trial of perspectives about the eff

Teaching in Public Schools Differs from Private Schools

Educating in Public Schools Differs from Private Schools School decision is an intriguing issue concerning training particularly with regards to open versus tuition based schools. How guardians decide to instruct their youngsters is profoundly discussed, however instructors have choices with regards to picking an occupation? As an educator, finding your first occupation isn't in every case simple. In any case, you should guarantee that the schools crucial vision line up with your own way of thinking. Understand that instructing in government funded schools differs from educating in tuition based schools. Both offer the chance to work with youngsters consistently, however every ha their points of interest and detriments. Educating is a serious field, and on occasion it appears as though there are a larger number of instructors than there are employments accessible. Imminent educators going after a job in a tuition based school should know the contrasts among open and non-public schools that will affect how they carry out their responsibility. Understanding those distinctions is significant in the event that you have an either/or opportunity. At last, you need to instruct at a spot where you are agreeable, that will bolster you as both an educator and an individual, and that will give you the best chance to have any kind of effect in the lives of your understudies. Here we inspect some significant contrasts among open and tuition based schools with regards to instructing. Spending plan The spending plan of a non-public school commonly originates from a blend of educational cost and raising support. This implies the general financial plan of a school is subject to what number of understudies are selected and the general abundance of the givers who bolster it. This can be trying for more up to date tuition based schools and a general bit of leeway for a built up non-public school that have fruitful graduated class ready to help the school. The majority of the spending plan of a government funded school is driven by neighborhood property expenses and state training help. Schools additionally get some government cash to help bureaucratic projects. Some state funded schools are additionally blessed to have neighborhood organizations or people who bolster them through gifts, yet this isn't the standard. The financial plan for government funded schools is regularly attached to their state’s monetary status. At the point when a state experiences a monetary hardship schools, get less cash than they regularly would. This regularly powers school managers to make troublesome cuts. Accreditation Government funded schools require at least a bachelor’s qualification and an instructing declaration to be an ensured instructor. These prerequisites are set by the state; though necessities for tuition based schools are set by their individual administering sheets. Most tuition based schools normally follow indistinguishable necessities from government funded schools. In any case, there are a couple of tuition based schools that don't require a showing declaration and at times may enlist instructors without a particular degree. There are additionally tuition based schools that lone hope to employ instructors who hold a propelled degree. Educational program and Assessment For government funded schools, the educational program is generally determined by state-ordered targets and for most states will before long be driven by the Common Core State Standards. Singular areas may likewise have extra targets dependent on their individual network needs. These state ordered targets likewise drive the state government sanctioned testing that every state funded school are required to give. State and central governments affect the tuition based school educational plan. Tuition based schools can basically create and execute their own educational program and appraisals. One of the significant contrasts is that tuition based schools may consolidate strict educational plan into their schools while state funded schools can't. Most tuition based schools are established dependent on strict standards, so this permits them to influence their understudies with their convictions. Other tuition based schools may decide to concentrate more on a particular territory, for example, math or science. For this situation, their educational plan will concentrate more on those particular regions, while a state funded school is progressively adjusted in their methodology. Order The well-known adage goes that children will be kids. This is valid for both open and non-public schools. There will be discipline issues in either case. State funded schools normally have increasingly significant control issues, for example, savagery and medications than tuition based schools do. State funded school chairmen invest most of their energy dealing with understudy discipline issues. Tuition based schools will in general have increasingly parental help which regularly prompts less order issues. They additionally have more adaptability than government funded schools with regards to expelling an understudy from a study hall or expelling them from school inside and out. Government funded schools are required to take each understudy who lives in their area. A non-public school can just cut off their association with an understudy who persistently will not follow their normal strategies and systems. Decent variety A constraining component for tuition based schools is their absence of decent variety. Government funded schools are substantially more different than tuition based schools in numerous regions including ethnicity, financial status, understudy needs, and scholastic reaches. In all actuality going to a tuition based school cost an excess of cash for most Americans to send their kids as well. This factor alone will in general breaking point assorted variety inside a non-public school. Actually most of the populace in non-public schools is comprised of understudies who are from upper-white collar class Caucasian families. Enlistment Government funded schools are required to take each understudy regardless of their inability, scholastic level, religion, ethnicity, financial status, and so on. This can likewise adversy affect class size particularly in years where financial plans are slim. It isn't exceptional for there to be 30-40 understudies in a solitary study hall in a state funded school. Tuition based schools control their enlistment. This permits them to keep class measures in a perfect 15-18 understudy extend. Controlling enlistment additionally is advantageous for educators in that the general scope of where understudies are scholastically are a lot nearer than a run of the mill state funded school study hall. This is a significant advantage for the two understudies and instructors in tuition based schools. Parental Support In state funded schools, the measure of parental help for the school differs. It is normally needy upon the network where the school is found. Shockingly, there are networks that don't esteem instruction and just send their children to class since it is a prerequisite or on the grounds that they consider it free looking after children. There are additionally numerous state funded school networks who esteem training and offer enormous help. Those state funded schools with low help give an alternate arrangement of difficulties than those with high parental help. Tuition based schools quite often have huge parental help. All things considered, they are paying for their child’s instruction, and when cash is traded, there is an implicit assurance that they plan to be associated with their child’s training. Parental inclusion is significant in the general scholastic development and advancement of a youngster. It additionally makes a teacher’s work simpler over the long haul. Pay An amazing certainty is that government funded teachers are commonly paid more than non-public school educators. Anyway this depends on the individual school itself, so it may not really be the situation. Some non-public schools may likewise offer advantages that government funded schools do excluding educational cost for advanced education, lodging, or suppers. One explanation that state funded teachers are regularly paid more is on the grounds that most non-public schools don't have a teacher’s association. Training associations contend energetically for their individuals to be genuinely redressed. Without these solid association ties, it is hard for non-public school educators to haggle for better compensation. End There are numerous advantages and disadvantages an educator must weigh with regards to deciding to instruct in open versus tuition based school. It eventually boils down to singular inclination and solace level. A few instructors would lean toward the test of being an educator in a battling downtown school and others would like to educate in a wealthy rural school. Actually you can have an effect regardless of where you educate.

How to Use the Law of Attraction for Improving Your Life

How to Use the Law of Attraction for Improving Your Life © Shutterstock.com | T. L. FurrerCan you imagine having the power to visualize your ideas in your thoughts and having them manifest in your life? Can you picture yourself thinking of good things happening to you in your life and then having those good things actually happen?That is the power of the Law of Attraction. While it may sound like a far-fetched idea to some, this type of positive mentality and thinking process can work wonders for your professional and personal life. If you are open-minded and are willing to let positive things happen to you in your life, then continue reading this article and you will be amazed at the things discussed here.At some point in our lives, we feel very anxious and stressed from the pressures of life. Maybe you are having a bad day at the office or your personal relationships are crumbling. If you let these negative thoughts fester in your mind a little too long, then odds are you will continue to experience bad things because you will attract t hem.Your attitude determines if you will be happy because you can choose to be happy. We will show you how the Law of Attraction can make you a happier person in more ways than one.WHAT IS THE LAW OF ATTRACTION?The Law of Attraction is a philosophical concept of “like energy attracts like energy.” If you think positive, then you will look at things in your life in a brighter light. If you have negative thoughts, then you will see everything in a bad way.Let’s look at it from a scientific point of view. While electrical charges prefer to be attracted to charges of the opposite nature (positive attracts negative, but like charges repel each other), magnetic materials are attracted to other magnetic. Case in point, a magnet that is made out of iron will immediately attract iron because iron is a magnetic material itself. In addition, the magnet made out of iron will attract nickel as well because nickel also happens to be a magnetic material. Magnetic materials are attracted to e ach other.Humans are like living magnets because we are able to attract people who are like-minded. They say that opposites attract but we beg to differ. Think about the person you are dating now or are married to. Sure, they are not carbon copies of you and you dearly appreciate the differences between you but for the most part this person is quite similar to you. That is how you click. That is how you resonate.The same could be said of your friends. Why do you get along with them? Because for the most part, you have more similarities than differences. You may have been unaware of it at the time, but you subconsciously applied the Law of Attraction when establishing these bonds with people.Besides creating bonds with people, the Law of Attraction plays a key role in how we view the world. If you choose to be negative and always see the bad in things that happen to you, then you will always be angry at the situation. However, if you choose to be positive and see the good things that could come out of a seemingly bad situation, then you will have a positive outlook on life. It is really true what they say â€" “Every cloud has a silver lining.”If you remain positive, then good things will happen to you even if you are temporarily experiencing something bad. You can attract exactly what your mind and heart desires.METHODS OF USING LAW OF ATTRACTIONWe will show you how this mentality and belief can actually improve your way of life. For each of these techniques, you will read examples of applying these techniques to make a tangible difference to your life.Think Positive ThoughtsYour thoughts determine your feelings, your feelings determine your actions, and your actions ultimately determine the life you lead. You can choose to be happy and successful if you think about it. Just consider this, if you are down on your luck in life and you constantly think things like “I am not worth it” or “I don’t deserve to be happy”, then odds are you will act in a way that makes those thoughts come true.Thinking negative will always result in negative results. If you walk around sulking and brooding as if you have a dark cloud hovering above you, then you will most likely attract other people who are brooding as well. However, if you wake up with the thought that you are going to be happy today, then there is a high chance that you will have good experiences that day.By thinking that you are confident, empowered, and capable, you can actually accomplish many great things that you may not have thought were possible. If you start to doubt yourself by thinking you are incapable, weak, and unfit to do anything, then you will never give your 100%. You have simply forfeited without even trying. You have to make an effort and try. That begins with your thoughts because your thoughts govern your actions.Choose to be HappyFor instance, if you are feeling happiness, love, passion, compassion, and hope, then positive things will happen to you. However, if you are feeling anger, fear, depression, and guilt, then negative things will happen to you. According to psychology, the things that happen to us easily sway our mental state and we react compulsively at times. You do not have to react to every little thing that happens to you, especially the bad things.For example, you just left the office and you are walking to your car in the parking lot and see that there are bird droppings on your car. Now you could react in an angry and enraged manner, or you could choose not to. You can control your temper and find ways to solve your problem. Simply going to the car wash to clean your car will make it go away and it will be as good as new.Anybody can be PositiveWe will not deceive you and say that this comes naturally to everybody. That is far from it! As humans, we tend to react to everything a little too quickly and we fail to see the bigger picture at times. Instead of being short-tempered, we should be calm, cool, and collected if we experience anything bad in life.We know that it is much easier said than done, but now is the time to practice. If you promise yourself to not be so negative in the face of adversity but instead approach things in a positive manner, then you will notice your life improve. Your mental state will be healthier and you will feel the tangible difference in your personal and professional life when you interact with people. Anybody can think positively, even in the face of hardship.Here is a cool talk with Tony Robbins on the Law of Attraction. Have an Attitude of GratitudeNo matter what you are going through in life, no matter how bad things may be in your life, find ways to put it in perspective and be grateful for whatever you have. Even if it is very little, appreciate whatever you are able to hold on to and cherish it to the fullest because there are so many people on earth who are not fortunate enough to be in your shoes and have what you have. Gratitude instantly makes us feel bette r about our lives.Be Grateful for your Friends and FamilyFor example, if you are going through a tough break up, it can have serious adverse effects on your mental state. You had a very long and strong bond with someone whom you let into your heart and mind. Now, you are in a situation where they no longer occupy a place in your heart.This can be very difficult to accept initially and many people ruin their lives because of it. We want to say that you do have other people who are a very important people in your life â€" your very near and dear friends and family. Your parents will always have your back because they are family and your closest friends will always be there for you for emotional support. They reassure you that things are going to be okay. That is the moment you realize that you still have people you love.When you think about it, there are people who do not even have a family. They live in war torn nations where many people are sadly deceased and many young adults live on their own without any sort of support. These poor, unfortunate souls have almost nothing to hold on to apart from their dear lives. There is almost nobody there for them, yet you have your friends and family.Maybe the love of your life has walked away, but there are people who are still standing by your side. Be thankful for the people who support you and make your stronger every day. Be grateful for having them in your life.Be Thankful for your JobAnother example we would like to present is a professional one. Imagine you are an electronics engineer who works at a mega corporation and have served the company for several years. During your years of service, you have accomplished plenty and successfully delivered projects before the deadline and with great output, too.However, maybe your boss does not reward you enough with some sort of raise or give you any recognition for your efforts. Instead, somebody else is promoted and it makes you livid. Situations like this arise a lot in the office and it infuriates plenty of people, but it does not have to make you very negative.You can look at the bright side and be grateful for having the job that you love in the first place. So many people around the world just work for the sake of working or work dead end jobs with no prospects of career growth. Some people do not even have jobs to begin with! If you are in your 30s and you have a job you like, be very grateful.In these troubling economic times, far too many middle-aged people are not able to get jobs. You have one so show some gratitude. Sure, you may not be treated the way you ought to be but think about it like this â€" you are doing what you like to do. If you look at the positive side of it and are thankful for what you have achieved, then everything else becomes insignificant. By being grateful, negative things will not have an effect on you.Visualize your DreamsTolkien gave us the wonderful world of Middle Earth in the Lord of the Rings, Martin gave us the amazing kingdom of Westeros in A Song of Ice and Fire, and Lewis gave us the magical realm of Wonderland in Alice in Wonderland.These famous fantasy writers had ideas and stories that they wanted to tell the world but before they could put pen to paper (these stories were created years before the invention of the computer), they had to visualize their dreams to make sense of it. Now we know that most of you reading this are not aspiring writers so you may be wondering, “What does this have to do with the Law of Attraction?”You see, you need to be able to see yourself happy and successful down the road, even if you are not feeling like it at this very moment. You need to use your powers of imagination to visualize the things you see for yourself and then lay out the plan to get there. You must create your fantasy world now so that you know how awesome it will be when you actually get it.Wow. This video crushed my mind. Totally awesome and inspiring. The Power of ImaginationIf you are able to visualize everything that you desire in extensive detail, it makes it so much easier for you to manifest your dreams and make them a reality. Your desires and wishes do not need to live only in your head; you have the power to make them happen. In order to do so, you must first clearly visualize the things you truly want.Everybody has dreams and aspirations, so visualize them by picturing them in your head as if you have already achieved them. Imagine all the good things you plan on doing when your dreams come true. It makes you happier and brings a ton of joy in your life. That elated feeling makes you motivated to go out there and do the things necessary to make it happen. It really does help to picture yourself already in your desired position beforehand since it gets you pumped.Paint your Dreams like an ArtistThere is a process to visualizing your dreams. No matter what it is you are trying to achieve, personally or professionally, it really helps to imagine tha t you are an artist who paints on a canvas. You must start with an empty canvas by clearing your mind. You need to be fresh and slowly add things onto your canvas. These individual elements are the pieces of your final art. They are the things that you actually want.Next, you need to put yourself on the canvas, interacting with the elements you added earlier. There are so many possibilities â€" a new house, a new profession, a car, a healthier body, higher studies abroad, etc. The options are limitless and you can do anything you want to do.As you vividly create and visualize your art, you realize that you badly want it. That is when you picture the actions you need to take to reach your destination. Without actions, you can never accomplish anything. You need to see yourself actually doing certain things to get to where you want to be.Write down your GoalsWhen you have successfully envisioned yourself achieving your goals, then you are one step closer to improving your life and get ting what you truly desire. We recommend writing down your goals because studies show that when people write their goals down, they are more likely to give it more thought and work harder to make them happen. Do you plan to travel to Japan? Write it down.Do you want to start your own business? Plan it out. Do you want to lose weight and get fit? Create a workout plan. Writing things down may not be as popular as it is today as it was a couple of decades ago (due to the ubiquity of computers), but nothing comes close to using a pen and paper.Some of the most successful people have used the power of visualization to realize their dreams. Michael Phelps (world’s most decorated swimmer), Steve Jobs (greatest tech innovator of our times), and Elon Musk (renowned visionary changing the world) all envisioned greatness before they attained it. They believed in themselves and had plans to reach greatness. You can, too.Never forget your “Why”In order to attract the good things you want in your life, you need to know “what” they are in the first place. These are your goals; the things you want to attract to make you happier in life are the things you are trying to attain. When you were visualizing yourself already having these things (see the previous point), you also envision “how” you can get to that state.You have a goal in mind and are already planning how to make things work in your favor. You create a system that you will adhere to in order to get what you want. However, there is something that many people overlook â€" “Why” do I want this? What are reasons for you to pursue that goal? What motivates you to go out of your way to go for it? How will this add some benefit or utility in your life?If you are able to answer these tough questions, then you have an incentive and a motive to pursue your goals. Everybody needs a drive because without it, you will always be inhibited.Feelings Enhanced by InspirationsSimon Sinek, an author and speaker on lea dership and management, delivered an impassioned TED Talk where he discusses how amazing companies are able to connect with people and sell their products. He talks about what inspires great leaders. You may be wondering, “How does that concern a person like me who is not a corporation?” You may not be a company but you have things that inspire you, too.The things that inspire you incite some feelings within you and if there is anything you have learnt in this article, it is that your feelings are very strong. You can do amazing things if you have positive feelings about something you truly want. The things you want inspire something in you. That is your reason for wanting it. That is your “why.” Connecting it back to your “why” will always elevate your feelings for your goals and at some point, your intangible feelings will become tangible and you will be able to smell and taste your dreams coming true as well. The Law of Attraction is a proven science and just like any other form of science, it is based on reasoning.When you have the reasons for doing what you do, then you can justify your actions to achieving your goals and do not have to doubt yourself. The ones who doubt themselves are usually the ones who do not know why they are doing what they are doing. Many people work jobs without knowing why it is that they are there.Many people study subjects at school without knowing why it is they are studying them. When you can identify your reasons for doing what you want to do, then you are able to apply yourself 100% and give your best efforts. Then, and only then, can you expect to get the best results for your pursuit of happiness.CONCLUSIONThe Law of Attraction is an old philosophical ideology to make you happier by your very thoughts. Though its popularity waned a bit in the late 20th century, it grew in prominence in 2006 with the book The Secret by Rhonda Byrne.It teaches us how to make our lives better and make us feel fulfilled and satisf ied by harnessing our thoughts and realizing them. By being positive, you will attract positive things in your life. It gives support to the claim “like attracts like.”You can make good things happen to you if you think about them more. Your mood and attitude is governed by your thoughts so the easiest way to improve your life is to think happy thoughts.We would like to leave you with some quotes that have a very deep meaning and are applicable in this context. We hope you learn a lot from them and apply the lesson of the citation in your daily life to see amazing results. They reinforce the notion of being positive and optimistic.“If my mind can conceive it, and my heart can believe it, then I can achieve it” â€" Muhammad Ali“When you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you achieve it” â€" The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho

The Wealth of Nations Essay - 1349 Words

In 1759 Adam Smith, then a thirty-six year old Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow University, published his Theory of Moral Sentiments. This work attracted the attention of the guardians of the immensely wealthy Duke of Buccleuch towards retaining its author as a tutor to the youthful Duke whilst on a protracted, and hopefully educational, quot;Grand Tourquot; of continental Europe. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;While tutoring from 1763 Adam Smith found some of the time spent in the French provinces hard to fill and seems to have begun his masterpiece An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, as a way of taking up otherwise idle hours in the summer of 1764. Overall however he derived much personal†¦show more content†¦Accordingly, they imposed prohibitive or deterring duties on the importation of foreign manufacturers; they gave bounties to the corresponding home manufactures. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Smith found that the French Physiocrats delighted in attempting to prove that the whole Mercantilist structure of the French laws upon industry was utterly wrong; that the prohibitions ought not to be imposed on the import of foreign manufacturers; that bounties ought not to be given to native ones; that the exportation of corn ought to be free; that the whole country ought to be a fiscal unit; that there should be no duty between any province; and so on in other cases. Smith found much that he admired in the Physiocrats outlook but he did not share it completely. Amongst other things the Physiocrats saw land as the primary source of wealth (one seed sown might produce twenty at harvest!) rather than manufacturing. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the completion of his duties as tutor Smith then returned, after some further months spent in London, to Scotland where he stayed quietly with his mother at his native town of Kirkcaldy and occupied himself in study and writing. It was to be in 1776, that Adam Smith finally saw his quot;Wealth of Nationsquot; through the press. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Adam Smiths quot;Wealth of Nationsquot; is regarded as having been the first great work of Political Economy. It is in some ways an enhancement of his quot;Theory ofShow MoreRelatedWealth of Nations1626 Words   |  7 PagesMichelle Trejo Dr. King Human Nature and the Social Order II June 6, 2008 â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† Adam Smith, the author of â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†, was a Scottish moral philosopher during the Industrial Revolution who was inspired by his surroundings to write about the field of economics. Being a man of intellect on various types of philosophical views, Smith was able to portray his passionate feelings about political thought through his well-written works. While publishing his book, Smith becameRead More The Wealth of Nations Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wealth of Nations Adam Smith’s famous attempt to explain the nature and causes of the wealth of nations rests on several crucial assumptions about human nature which in turn rely on false universalism and questionable dichotomies. To begin with, Smith makes roughly three claims about human nature. 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In order to assess the morality of these arguments, David Hume’s definition of morality and Kant’s definition of morality can be used. These definitions, ultimately, serve as context for Smith’s arguments, so that there is a clearer idea of whether they are moral or not. From this, modern readers of Smith’s book can betterRead MoreThe Importance Of Wealth And A Consumerist Nation1356 Words   |  6 PagesDerek Crosby Online British Literature 6 August 2015 Social Classholes: The Importance of Wealth Historically and in a Consumerist Nation One of the most important aspects of any novel is the theme. Furthermore, themes that express practicalities that people in the real world deal with regularly are that much more effecting. That’s why novels like Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre are timeless; their themes are extremely important and will forever ring true in society. Most prevalentlyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Wealth Of Nations Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement as a whole. Management has evolved over the years and will continue to as people and procedures do as well. March 9, 1776 marked the date that Adam Smith wrote his widely known book â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†. The book s original name is â€Å"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, however it is not recognized by the majority public as so. Smith originally wrote the novel to dismember the thought that mercantilism was a good idea. Only selling goods and gaining nothing fromRead MoreThe Wealth Of Nations By Adam Smith1384 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. Some books, such as the Bible, have influenced Christians. Common Sense by Thomas Paine encouraged Americans to join the fight against the British. Other books, however, do more than simply encourage; they introduce a new philosophy. The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith is claimed to aid the philosophy of what would one day become modern economics. One author wrote two books that would change the course of history. These books would lay foundations to communism and influence leaders like LeninRead MoreThe Wealt h Of Nations By Adam Smith1659 Words   |  7 PagesAdam Smith, the author of â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†, was a Scottish moral philosopher during the Industrial Revolution who was inspired by his surroundings to write about the field of economics. Being a man of intellect on various types of philosophical views, Smith was able to portray his passionate feelings about political thought through his well-written works. While publishing his book, Smith became known as the â€Å"father of modern economics†. He was given this honorary title due to his strong determinationRead MoreThe Wealth Of Nations By Adam Smith1521 Words   |  7 PagesIn Adam Smith’s famous work, The Wealth of Nations, he references the idea of the â€Å"invisible hand† and its influence on the individual. An excerpt from Smith’s renown book reads, â€Å"[E]very individual necessarily labours to render the annual revenue of society as great as he can. He generally, indeed, neit her intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it . . . he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promoteRead MoreThe Wealth Of Nations By Adam Smith1774 Words   |  8 PagesAdam Smith’s masterpiece writing, The Wealth of Nations, attempts to create a different understanding of the economy from his age. The focus mainly remains on mercantilism the most prevalent economic system for Western Society at this time. Smith’s simple and in-depth explanations of even the most basic economic concepts allow for someone with little to no prior knowledge of economics to easily grasp his meaning, and coupling these explanations with real life examples provides even more teaching

Al Capone and Probation Essay - 1252 Words

Al Capone is the single greatest symbol of collapse of law and order in the United States during the Prohibition Era. The act of Prohibition brought power to Al Capone, which he used to expand his organized crime activities into a stranglehold over the city of Chicago. Liquor trade became very profitable during Prohibition, and the struggle for control over the bootleg empire erupted into a full-scale war between rival gangs in Chicago. Capone gradually came to symbolize all the criminal evils of prohibition; to many throughout the world, he became the symbol of a lawless nation#. Publicity grew around the actions of Capone, with accounts of his sordid activities published in newspapers along with his image of power, money, and†¦show more content†¦Using his authority, Capone was able to spread corruption throughout the system. He terrorized voters, invaded polling places and seized ballot boxes, he was able to handpick the candidates into city offices and became the undispu ted ruler of Chicago. Capone contributed freely to the campaign funds of his political friends, and he supplied men for election boards and delivered repeat voters. Officials in return, granted Capone almost complete immunity from the law (police force) which provided him with protection not only for liquor rackets, but for the spread of all other criminal activities.# nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Combining the power of his money and his reputation, Capone’s gang moved into high places of government, into legitimate businesses, labour unions, employer’s associations, industrial racketeering, the protection rackets, blackmail and extortion. Ensuring complete protection from the law, Capone also enhanced â€Å"older† forms for crime, such as vice, crooked gambling, robbery, larceny, kidnapping and killing for hire. Capone established control of public services and private corporations, he bought his way into the manipulation of stocks and owned copious amounts of real estate throughout Chicago. # nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Naturally, the demand for liquor drastically increased during Prohibition and Al Capone seized this opportunity. UsingShow MoreRelatedAl Capone Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesSCARFACE Capone Born in New York City, in 1899, by parents Gabriel and Teresa Capone, Alphonse Capone was blessed with a historical blend of ruthless gangster in his blood. Al Capones parents immigrated to the United States in 1893, from Naples, Italy. Al Capone came from a huge family. He was the fourth oldest of nine children. At birth, Capones parents never would have believed that their son, Alphonse Capone, would grow up to be a murderous thug without remorse. As a child, Al Capone wasRead MoreWas Prohibition Successful in the 1920s?551 Words   |  2 Pagesthe 1920s, when the mafia raised a considerable amount of money by selling alcohol underground. They even became more wealthy and powerful then the local government and took control of city affairs. Probably the most famous, and infamous mafia was Al Capone, who was a Italian descent grew up in New York City, and later started to smuggling illegal alcohols into Chicago city in the 1920s. He also participated in elections and controlled government officials by using patronage. In the late 1920s he hadRead MoreMarijuana: Cause and Effect1064 Words   |  5 Pagesillegal is it causes people to resolve their disputes themselves instead of through law enforcement (Nick). This means that street gangs would have significantly less power than what they have now. A good analogy is how much power prohibition gave to Al Capone and other mob related persons. Americans who want marijuana legal d on’t like giving street thugs power and money. Marijuana legalization makes us all safer, especially the kids. This is because of one simple fact, drug dealers don’t ask to see IDRead MoreCriminal Law : A Profound Impact On All Americans2096 Words   |  9 Pagesfrom 1980 to 2008 has quadrupled from roughly 500,000 to 2.3 million people. Studies show that â€Å"Today, the US is 5% of the world population and has 25% of world prisoners. Combining the number of people in prison and jail with those under parole or probation supervision, 1 in every 31 adults, or 3.2 percent of the population is under some form of correctional control† (â€Å"Criminal Justice Sheet†). According to the FBI’s Preliminary Semiannual Uniform Crime report there has been a 1.8 percent drop in violentRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Violence1249 Words   |  5 Pagesmarkets. There isn’t a solution to stop gun crime completely because it is impossible. Weapons are necessary for self-defense. Guns manufacture decades ago are still in households across the world. In certain circumstances, thorough tactics for probation meaning greater communication with police officers, and increased surveillance in neighborhoods prone to violence have reduced crime. Community programs formed together with law enforcement also work better. An example of a court case that entailsRead MoreEssay on Plea Bargaining Assignment4461 Words   |  18 Pagesyears.   1931: Al Capone brags about his light sentence for pleading guilty to tax evasion and Prohibition violations. The judge then declares that he isnt bound by the bargain, and Capone does seven and a half years in Alcatraz.   1969: To avoid execution, James Earl Ray pleads guilty to assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. and gets 99 years.   1973: Spiro Agnew resigns the vice presidency and pleads no contest to the charge of failing to report income; he gets three years probation and a $10,000Read MoreRace And Crime Of The Criminal Justice System6937 Words   |  28 Pageshalf of the Latinos or Hispanics surveyed said that they have had some type of court interaction. When referring to court interaction this ranges from serving on a jury, attending court on a criminal matter, being arrested, being on parole or probation, serving jail or prison time, or being a sworn witness in court. â€Å"More than two-in-ten (21%) Hispanics say they or an immediate family member served on a jury in the previous five years. Hispanics over age 55 (30%) are more likely to say they orRead MoreThe Devil’s Harvest Essay2832 Words   |  12 PagesAmerican citizens occupy prison space for marijuana offenses. Law enforcement repeatedly wastes valuable time and resources trying to catch and prosecute non-violent marijuana offenders. Over tens of thousands of people are punished with fines, probation, property seizures, civil santions, employment termination, and revoked drivers licenses annually. Despite these criminal and civil sanctions, cannabis continues to be readily available, and widely used (website, â€Å"Marijuana: The Facts†). MarijuanaRead MoreLaw Enforcement in the 21st Century15936 Words   |  64 Pagesboundaries. Most police chiefs are appointed at the discretion of the mayor or city manager and lack contracts protecting them from unjustified termination. As a result, the average tenure of most police chiefs is only three to six years (Swanson et al. 2001). Although for the most part similar in nature to municipal police departments, township police departments can vary greatly with regard to law enforcement powers and authority. Well-developed townships often operate with responsibilities close

Bioethics and gene patents Free Essays

Among the most controversial issues in biotechnology over the last ten years has been the patenting of human DNA sequences as well as human genes. The medical, pharmaceutical along with economic interests at stake are huge, making investments in biotechnology firms involved in gene patenting highly volatile. Gene patenting is a relatively broad term and refers to the patenting of individual processes that involves the isolation of DNA or other associated material and also to any chemical substance that is related to DNA. We will write a custom essay sample on Bioethics and gene patents or any similar topic only for you Order Now The idea of gene patents has played a key role in the rapid growth of the biotech industry over the last two decades. The earliest of the gene patents were obtained back in 1978. One of the biggest issues involving biotechnology and the law is the patenting of human genes. Because of advances in technology, it is relatively routine a procedure to isolate genes and determine their genetic sequence (Birren Rommens 1999). With the recent completion of the Human Genome Project, we now know the entire genetic sequence of the human genome. All that remains is for science to determine which portions of the sequenced genome correspond to actual genes (Eisen Laderman 2007). For these reasons, the United States Patent and Trademark Office witnessed a tremendous increase in the number of patent applications for human genes. The number of applications more than doubled in the last ten years, from approximately 16,000 applications in 1990 to 33,000 applications in 2000, and in the last twenty years, â€Å"the [PTO] has granted patents on about 1,000 human genes or gene fragments† (Willing 2000). USPTO has issued a large number of patents for gene fragments. Full sequence as well as function is in many cases not known for the gene fragments being issued patents on. Many questions have arisen over when, from the discovery to development into viable products, the exclusive right to genes may be claimed. This is important as a patent lasts for 20 years. Congress exercised its powers under the Constitution to pass the Patent Act. Under the Patent Act, a patent gives one the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing the patented invention in the United States â€Å"beginning on the date on which the patent issues and ending 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed. â€Å" The 300- to 500-base gene fragments which are better known as expressed sequence tags (ESTs), make up about 10 to 30% of the mean cDNA, while the genomic genes typically happen to be 10 to 20 times bigger than the cDNA. A cDNA molecule is made in the laboratory and is a version of the gene which only contains the information-rich (exon) regions; these molecules offer a way to researchers to fast-forward through the genome get to more biologically significant areas. The initial chromosomal locations as well as biological functions of the while genes identified by ESTs happen to be unknown in the majority of cases. The patenting of genes has been a controversial area to say the least. The argument is that patenting such discoveries is not justifiable because the effort to find a certain EST is meager when compared with the work of isolating and characterizing a gene and gene product, finding out what it does, and developing a commercial product. They feel that allowing holders of such â€Å"gatekeeper† patents to exercise undue control over the commercial fruits of genome research would be unfair. Similarly, allowing multiple patents on different parts of the same genome sequence –say on a gene fragment, the gene, and the protein– adds undue costs to the researcher who wants to examine the sequence. Not only does the researcher have to pay each patent holder via licensing for the opportunity to study the sequence, he also has to pay his own staff to research the different patents and determine which are applicable to the area of the genome he wants to study. Some physicians believe that if a lot of genes receive patents, the genetic testing of patients could end up being prohibitively costly. Even though the technological knowledge is there to develop such tests, a lot of work remains to produce them. And if the license fee that is associated with the use of each test is charged via multiple companies and entities, each owning multiple genes, then this technology may never be exploited effectively in order to help patients. On the other hand, if protection is not offered to the industry, then R D expenses may not be recouped, therefore reducing incentive for investment in the industry. The implications of gene patenting on R D have been the subject of considerable debate. Advocates say that gene patents like normal patents encourage the disclosure as well as dissemination of ideas by opening critical uses of gene sequences to the publicly domain. Patents also offer more incentives to investors who may otherwise be reluctant to invest in ideas that may simply be copied by competitors if not allowed patent protection. Many argue that genes are not â€Å"inventions,† but rather they are â€Å"discoveries† which do not require an inventive effort. Because the discovery of genes does not require an inventive effort, the PTO should not issue patents for genes (Hettinger 1995). In the same regard, because genes are â€Å"discoveries† and not new â€Å"compositions,† genes should not be patented because they are not â€Å"novel,† as required by section 102. For example, human genes have existed as long as the existence of humanity; therefore, an inventor can never discover a gene and claim that it is â€Å"novel† (Hettinger 1995). Finally, carrying patent law to its extreme, some argue that anyone containing patented genes within his or her body could be considered an infringer, because he or she is â€Å"using† a patented gene merely by being alive. Some argue that because of recent advances in the isolation, purification, and sequencing of genes, (Birren Rommens 1999) it may take only a few days to determine the sequence of a particular gene. Therefore, the relative ease of determining the sequence of a particular gene should preclude patenting of the gene because obtaining the sequence is obvious. There is a difference between patents on compositions and patents on processes. Patents on compositions are considered broader than patents on processes because patents on compositions can cover all processes that use the composition. In order to limit the number of patents for genes, some argue that the PTO should limit patents on genes to processes that utilize the genes, and not the composition of the genes themselves, ESTs a case in point (Auth 1997). In the US patent system, an inventor’s reward for an invention is the receipt of a patent, which permits the inventor to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing the invention. The inventor can use this â€Å"right to exclude† to commercialize the invention or to license the invention and receive royalties. The â€Å"reward† of a patent thereby encourages invention and discovery, and the PTO takes the opinion that â€Å"the incentive to make discoveries and inventions is generally spurred †¦ by patents. † Some may argue that research and discovery satisfies an intellectual curiosity, and as such, hardly qualifies as labor. Therefore, intellectual endeavors, such as research and discovery, do not require rewards. Nevertheless, Congress designed our patent system with the underlying premise that reward is required, and it is difficult to envision why the law should distinguish the discovery of genes from other discoveries in this regard. Another argument is that the patenting of genes discourages others from performing research and discovery (Hoffert 1998). Under our patent system, after a researcher discovers and patents a gene, the researcher, as an inventor, may exclude others from using the gene (Sturges 1997). When a second researcher studies a particular disease and the patented gene’s role in that disease, it may be difficult to design an experiment that does not require the gene. In order to use the gene, the second researcher must seek a license from the patentee, undoubtedly requiring a fee in the form of a royalty. Some argue that this is a waste of valuable resources that could be used for research, rather than royalties, and therefore all human genes should be in the public domain (Bruce 2000). This is a compelling argument because it is difficult for a molecular biologist studying a particular gene or protein to conceive of experiments that do not require use of the gene itself. In this regard, perhaps it is better to view this perceived problem not as creating a disincentive to invent, but rather as impeding scientific progress. However, this argument is not unique to the patenting of genes. In fact, one could argue that a patent on any invention might similarly impede scientific progress. Ethical arguments is the most difficult to marshal and address. As such, this author will briefly address only the two most common arguments against the patenting of genes. One of the most common ethical arguments is that the government should not issue patents on human genes because genes belong to all humankind, and therefore no single group should have the exclusive property right to exclude others from their use (Doll 2001). However, gene patents are not owned in the same sense as property is owned. A patent is intangible property (Haseltine 2000), and therefore, granting a patent on a human gene does not deprive humankind of â€Å"property† in the traditional or tangible sense. A gene patent only deprives other researchers, often attempting to realize a financial gain, from its use. The second most common argument against the patenting of human genes is that researchers derive a human gene from a human being, which violates our society’s 150-year prohibition on humans having property rights in another human being. However, should a human gene qualify as a human being or a living entity? The U. S. Supreme Court has offered a potential framework for analyzing whether a gene should qualify as a living entity. In Roe v. Wade, the Court held that the State did not have a â€Å"compelling† interest in proscribing abortion where a fetus was not viable (Nature 2003). While we cannot equate a woman’s right to seek an abortion with an inventor’s right to patent a biological product, the viability test may have applicability in determining whether a human gene qualifies as a living entity. The viability test established by Roe v. Wade was whether the fetus could have a meaningful life outside the mother’s womb. Human genes fail this test for viability because human genes are inanimate compositions of matter. Even with all the recent scientific advances, creation of a human being in vitro from the entire human genome is scientific fantasy (Mappes DeGrazia 2001). However, even if human genes are not viable, some may argue that patents should not be issued for genes for the same reason that it is illegal to market other human products such as organs (Justine Harris 2002). Clearly, society believes that some human products should not be for sale, although, society somewhat relaxes this policy by allowing one to â€Å"donate† certain bodily fluids, such as plasma, for money. The underlying concern for this ban on the sale of organs may be to protect those that are impoverished from sacrificing vital organs for financial gain, but this policy is not particularly applicable to the patenting of human genes. First, one can argue that patenting of genes is distinguishable in that there is not a market for genes similar to the market for human organs. Second, one may be able to isolate, amplify, and sequence a gene from a single cell (Overwalle 2007). Thus, a patentee that patents his or her own genes is not deprived of a vital organ in the same way as an organ donor. Undoubtedly, there are additional ethical arguments against the patenting of genes. Ultimately, however, society determines what is ethical, and consequently whether the patenting of genes meets our ethical standard. The impact on the economy if gene patenting was banned is still a measure of debate. Most advocates in the biotech lobby are of the view that it may discourage investment in genetic research. Even so it is important to realize that the expense of identifying the function of a particular gene is only a small fraction of the total cost of turning it into something viable such as a drug. There is also an argument which says that the pharmaceutical industry would perform better if scientists and companies could work freely with any genes and rather focus their energies on patenting drugs. Since 1953, when Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helical structure of DNA in chromosomes, scientists have known that the sequence of compounds called nucleotides along the DNA strands was the key to their information content. These gene sequences encoded instructions on manufacturing and controlling protein products that build, manage and organize everything in the cell. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies with high stakes in patenting genetically engineered products and their sequences have registered multiple patents over the last two decades to exploit that discovery for commercial use to make new products. List of References â€Å"Battle Over Gene Patents: The Legal, Economic, and Social Implications of Licensing the Core of Life Could Alter the Current Patent System. † (1996). Business Week -New York, NY. 3484: 56-59. â€Å"Gene Patents and the Public Good. † Nature. 423. 6937 (2003). Auth, D. R. (1997). â€Å"Are ESTs Patentable? † Nature Biotechnology. 15. 9 911-912 Birren, B. , Rommens, J. M. (1999). Resource – BOOK AND JOURNAl REVIEWS – Genome Analysis: A Laboratory Manual (Vol 1) Analyzing DNA; (Vol 2) Detecting Genes. Trends in Genetics. 15, 41. Bruce D. (2000). Ethical concerns about patenting in relation to living organisms. Human Reproduction and Genetic Ethics. 6, 10-4. Doll, JJ. (2001). â€Å"Talking Gene Patents. â€Å"Scientific American. 285. 2 Eisen, A. , Laderman, G. (2007). Science, religion, and society an encyclopedia of history, culture, and controversy. Armonk, N. Y. , M. E. Sharpe. Haseltine, W. A. (2000). The Case for Gene Patents. Technology Review -Manchester NH: 103, 59. Hettinger N. (1995). Patenting life: biotechnology, intellectual property, and environmental ethics. Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review. Boston College. Law School. 22, 267-305. Hoffert, S. P. (1998), PTO Issues Biotech Patent Guidelines, The Scientist, July 6. Justine B. Harris J. (2002). A Companion to Genethics. Blackwell companions to philosophy, 21. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2002. Mappes, T. A. DeGrazia D. (2001). Biomedical Ethics. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Overwalle, G. V. (2007). Gene patents and public health. Brussel, Bruylant. Sturges, M. L. (1997). Who Should Hold Property Rights to the Human Genome? An Application of the Common Heritage of Humankind. American University International Law Review. 13, 219-261. Willing, R. (2000). Gene Patent Gets Tougher, USA Today, Nov. 15, at 14A. How to cite Bioethics and gene patents, Papers

Interpersonal skills and Conflict Management

Introduction Conflicts are inevitable in our daily lives. How conflicts are resolved result in positive or negative outcomes. Negotiation is one of the effective ways of solving conflict. This paper will discuss the relevance of negotiation to interpersonal skills, group process and or conflict management based on the group tutorial assignment.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Interpersonal skills and Conflict Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Description of group experience The group chose negotiation as one of the topics to analyze in conflict management process. Fiske and Clark (2011) describe negotiation as an art practiced during conflict and aims at resolving the issues by achieving solutions that the involved parties can contend with. The group concurred with the description of negotiation provided by Fiske and Clark (2011). The four group members, Dallas, Peterson, Jane and Johnson (not their re al names), comprehended that conflicts may strengthen or weaken relationships. Jordan and Troth (2009, p. 196) mention that different people react to conflict differently. Some become angry, others shy away, some dened, while others show emotions. If such conflicts go unresolved, tension builds up and may result in complex conflicts. Conflicts occur between parents, children, workmates, students and friends. Conflicts often occur because of incompatible interests, sharing of authority or power and, selfishness. Negotiations can serve involved parties interests if some principles of negotiations are observed. Negotiation in conflict management involves effective communication. The parties involved should take turns to speak, listen to others and ensure they understand what the other parties’ ideas are. Jehn (1995, p. 256) notes that accusative words should be avoided. The group discussed the importance of choosing a convenient time and place for those in conflict. Respect for existing relationships as well as each other’s values and norms which should be upheld. Parties should be aware of separating individual problems from common concerns. Another important principle in negotiation is identifying the main problem. Parties in the conflict state their concern to each other. Then a variety of possible solutions is presented. The presented solutions should be enlightened by the prevailing problems and be considerate of all parties in conflict.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After engaging in meaningful conversations, the parties can choose to come up to a consensus. Emotions and bitterness are avoided. This may result in understanding, where one of the parties abandons own interest for the common benefit. All parties should abide by the agreement in negotiations. Maintaining a good relationship among the parties makes the negotiations succe ssful (Janasz et al, 2012). Analysis of group experience The analysis of group experience includes literature review on negotiation and practical skills recommended by various scholars. Conflict theory as discussed in the group highlights causes and ways of managing conflicts when they occur. Huang (2010, p. 334) analyzes relationship conflict and task conflict. Team performance can be related with the ability to manage conflict by negotiation. All members of a team in negotiation should recognize the relationship and be willing to make the team a success. The team members contribute to the negotiation process and bring to light all relevant problems. Goals, values, customs, and points of view of the team members are respected. Individual issues are not included to the common problems. Everyone shows commitment and respects the ultimate solution of the group. According to Oberschall (2010, p. 176), human beings are prone to conflict. Conflicts are different and depend on the level o f interaction of the parties, the prevailing situation, and past experiences. Doucet et al (2009, p. 340) indicate that conflicts can be managed with good leadership skills. Good leadership skills involve negotiation capabilities within the individual. A good leader can provide direction for the team to minimize conflicts. Negotiation can affect the management of a conflict positively. Lu et al (2009, p. 131) found out that organizations have considered conflict as a negative norm. Negative effects of conflict include destroyed relationships and poor performance at work. Conflicts cause distraction and interfere with motivation in a team. Conflicts have been found to have positive results such as innovativeness and exchange of useful knowledge. Conflicts that concern relationships give negative results, while conflicts concerning work give a positive effect. Being prepared for negotiations, depending on the nature of the conflict, requires proper preparation. This includes sharing i nformation by adopting a team charter statement.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Interpersonal skills and Conflict Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Developing common goals and common interests minimizes the chances of engaging in conflict. Common goals and objectives make negotiations meaningful and lead to a successful conflict management. In a group conflict management, the team can adopt a charter statement. This statement makes the team adjust individual goals with the team’s goals, as well as the entire organizations goals (Susan Herbert Consulting, 2010). The quality of negotiation skills can be improved. Being emotional interferes with the ability of resolving conflict as Jordan and Troth (2009, p. 195) say. Groups that engage in emotional negotiations are less productive than if they were performing individual work. Consequently, an individual’s ability to deal with emotion affe cts the ability to negotiate during a conflict. Therefore, emotional issues should not be ignored during conflict resolution. Encouraging good relationships is significant in an organization. The organization can reward employees who maintain long relationships as Lu et al (2009, p. 146) suggest. Moreover, an organization can maintain a good environment that encourage sharing of knowledge and innovativeness. This will prepare the team to manage conflicts by negotiating and not becoming emotional. Successful negotiations encourage growth of relationships and excellent performance of both the individual and the group. Jehn (1995, p. 256) notes that conflict resolution that embraces negotiations leads to success. Better decision making, improved approach to challenges within the organization, and attainment of growth are some of the benefits of conflict resolution using negotiations. Conflicts introduce diversity, which can have a positive impact in the profitability of an organization . Additionally, conflict may result in change which is inevitable and for the benefit of the majority. Conclusion Negotiation is an effective method of solving conflicts. it involves communication where people should speak, listen and understand each other in an orderly way. Those involved in negotiation respect each other’s perspectives and values. The main problems are laid out and all possible solutions that are considerate are reviewed. One of the solutions is agreed on and adopted by the parties.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conflicts can cause poor performance and destroy relationships if not well managed. Well managed conflicts can lead to productivity, knowledge sharing, and innovativeness. Development of common goals (such as a team charter statement) is an effective way of preparing for conflict management. Rewarding and encouraging good relationships will lead to growth of the company. Reflections Getting the opportunity to learn and experience negotiation at an interpersonal and group interaction is very important. Quality negotiation skills can be used in appropriate situation in future to resolve conflicts. Negotiation enhances building of relationships and maintaining relationships for long. Reference List Doucet, O., Poitras, J., Chà ªnevert, D. 2009, The impacts of leadership on workplace conflicts, International Journal of Conflict Management, 20, 4, 340 – 354. Fiske, C. Clark, A. 2011, Human Development and Family Studies Extension, Human Relations. Huang, C. 2010, Unbundling tas k conflict and relationship conflict: The moderating role of team goal orientation and conflict management, International Journal of Conflict Management, 21, 3, 334 – 355. Janasz, C., Dowd, O. Schneider, Z. 2012, Interpersonal skills in organizations, New York, Mc-Graw-Hill Irwin. Jehn, A. 1995, A Multimethod of Examination of the Benefits and Detriments of Intragroup Conflict, Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 256-282. Jordan, J. Troth, C. 2009, Managing Emotions During Team Problem solving: Emotion Intelligence and Conflict Resolution, Human Performance 17, 2, 195-218. Lu, L., Zhou, F., Leung, F. 2009, Effects of task and relationship conflicts on individual work behaviors, International Journal of Conflict, 22, 2, 131- 150. Oberschall, A. 2010, Conflict theory. Web. Susan Herbert Consulting 2010, How to develop a team charter. Web. 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